Monday, October 27, 2014

AHUKUMIWA KIFO KWA KUMUUA ALIYETAKA KUMBAKA

Reyhaneh Jabbari mwenye umri wa miaka 26 amehukumiwa kunyongwa baada ya kukutwa na hatia ya kumuua mtu mmoja ambaye alifanya jaribio la kumbaka. 
 
Taarifa iliyoripotiwa na CNN inasema mwanamke huyo amenyongwa katika gereza la Tehrain, Iran ambapo alikuwa amefungwa baada ya kutenda kosa hilo mwaka 2007 wakati huo akiwa na umri wa miaka 19.
 
Mwanamke huyo amekutwa na hatia hiyo kutokana na kosa la kumuua aliyekuwa mfanyakazi wa wizara ya ulinzi na usalama nchini Iran, Morteza Abdolali.
 
Shirika la kimataifa la haki za binadamu Amnesty International limelaani kitendo cha Iran kutoa hukumu hiyo, ambapo mbali na jitihada ya kampeni mbali mbali zilizofanywa ikiwemo zile za kwenye mitandao ya kijamii katika kuipinga hukumu hiyo kuonekana kutozaa matunda.
 
Taarifa kutoka nchini humo zinasema mahakama ilitoa hukumu hiyo baada ya kutojiridhisha na utetezi alioutoa mahakamani kwamba alitenda kosa hilo akiwa anajilinda.
 
Utafiti wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa mwaka 2011 unaonesha Iran ni moja ya nchi zinazoongoza kwa ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu ambapo nchi hiyo ina wastani wa kutoa hukumu ya kunyongwa mtu 1 kila baada ya masaa 8

Friday, October 24, 2014

THE EVIL NATURE OF FGM


http://www.mgf.uab.es/eng/fgm_c.html
FGM/C is mainly performed in 28 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of the Middle East and Asia (Yemen, Oman, and Northern Iraq, as well as parts of India, Malaysia, and Indonesia, among others). However, with the migratory movements, what once was local is now global: FGM/C is in Diaspora and it is found in Europe, Australia, United States of America, etc. where migrants bring along their cultures.

Where is FGM/C practiced?
FGM/C is mainly performed in 28 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of the Middle East and Asia (Yemen, Oman, and Northern Iraq, as well as parts of India, Malaysia, and Indonesia, among others). However, with the migratory movements, what once was local is now global: FGM/C is in Diaspora and it is found in Europe, Australia, United States of America, etc. where migrants bring along their cultures.

What are the different types of FGM/C?
The World Health Organization classified FGM/C into four types, dependent on severity:
·         Type I: partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or prepuce (clitoridectomy);
·         Type II: partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision);
·         Type III: narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation);
·         Type IV: all other harmful procedures done to the female genitalia for nonmedical purposes (e.g., pricking, piercing, incising, scraping, dry sex and cauterization).

What are the consequences of FGM/C?

All types of FGM/C have consequences that undermine the health and well-being of newborns, girls, and women throughout their lives. The practice has a negative impact on child and maternal health, increasing the risk of childbirth complications and newborn deaths.
·         Short-term complications
Severe pain, shock, haemorrhage, urine retention, infections such as tetanus or sepsis
·         Long-term complications
Chronic pain, recurrent bladder and urinary tract infections, keloids, fibrosis, primary infertility, psychological sequela/trauma, HIV/AIDS